My deepest gratitude first goes to Associate Professor Anthony Chin, who had faith to let me take my first step in this journey under his supervision. I am very thankful for his patience and encouragement in the writing of this thesis as well as his tutelage in the economics of crime. My grateful appreciation goes to Cholan as well, who has been very kind and patient. His insights into criminology had been an invaluable help in the writing of my thesis. I am also thankful to Desmond, Geoff, Yee KS and Li Yang for their help in sorting the data.